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Methodology for the formation of livestock micro-populations with unique productive properties using selection, genetic and biotechnological methods

Title of the R&D Project: Methodology for the Formation of Cattle Micropopulations with Unique Productive Traits Using Breeding, Genetic, and Biobiotechnological Methods (0120U102006)

Project Leader: Volodymyr Ivanovych Ladyka, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, Academician of the NAAS of Ukraine

Implementation Period: 01.04.2020 – 31.12.2022

Funding Volume: 2,000,000 UAH

The productive traits of breeding females of local and combined breeds were studied using data from primary zootechnical breeding records and the SUMS “Orsek” program. Breeding characteristics of sires were analyzed based on selection data from the SUMS “Orsek–SC” program and official catalogs of dairy and dual-purpose bulls for breeding female livestock. Monitoring of global genetic resources was based on information about the breeding value of bulls from INTERBULL and breeding enterprise catalogs.

For the first time in Ukraine, a methodology was developed for forming herds of cattle with unique productive traits based on beta-casein.

The aim of the project was to develop and implement in dairy farming practice the methodological principles for forming micropopulations of cattle of local and dual-purpose breeds with unique productive characteristics.

To achieve this, the following work was carried out:

  • The genetic structure of local and combined breed populations was studied based on genetic marker polymorphism, which made it possible to identify genotypes responsible for hypoallergenic properties and enhanced cheese-making suitability of the milk;
  • A methodology was developed for forming micropopulations of cattle with unique productive traits;
  • Breeding, genetic, and biotechnological methods were substantiated and practically implemented to accelerate the selection process in the creation and maintenance of micropopulations of cattle with specific unique traits;
  • A formula was developed for branded craft dairy products with unique nutritional characteristics derived from milk obtained under various feeding conditions and rations;
  • Clinical and population studies were conducted on humans consuming different types of the new dairy products.

Local and combined breed animals are characterized by unique qualitative productivity traits, such as high content of quality milk components, desirable protein fractions, and fatty acids. Casein is the main component of milk proteins, represented by three fractions – alpha, beta, and kappa. Beta-casein consists of 209 amino acids in at least 12 variants with differing structures. Among them, the most clinically relevant are the A1 and A2 polymorphisms. Scientific studies confirm the negative effects of the A1 beta-casein allele on human health, including children. Kappa-casein in the BB genotype significantly enhances the cheese-making properties of milk. The project was based on the idea that the creation of homozygous herds of local and combined dairy cattle breeds by beta- (A2A2) and kappa-casein (BB) genes will consolidate their valuable hereditary productive traits in the Ukrainian cattle population.

During the project, breeding and genetic measures were developed for creating cattle micropopulations with specified unique traits. Establishing herds whose milk has hypoallergenic properties currently supports the development of a specialized craft niche in milk production and processing in Ukraine. In addition, the influence of specific milk components on the technological properties of resulting products was studied; clinical and population studies on the effects of A1 and A2 milk on adults and children were conducted, depending on the polymorphism of the DDR-4 gene; formulas for branded craft dairy products were developed, documentation for their names was prepared, and production was established.

The implementation of the project ensured the formation of cattle micropopulations with unique productive characteristics, an increase in the frequency of valuable alleles and genotypes responsible for such traits. The use of modern DNA molecular-genetic analysis methods made it possible to obtain reliable information about the genetic structure of the herd in a shorter time and enabled gene-level breeding work.

During the project, an innovative method was developed to provide the population of Ukraine with high-quality dairy products with hypoallergenic properties and to increase the profitability of cheese production.