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Selection of promising durum wheat lines to create varieties with group resistance to diseases

Project Title: Selection of Promising Winter Wheat Lines for Creating Varieties with Group Resistance to Diseases (0119U102849)

Project Supervisor: Vlasenko Volodymyr Anatoliiovych, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor

Completion Period: January 2019 – December 2020

Funding Amount: 1400 thousand UAH

Objective: Breeding selection of winter soft wheat lines with group resistance to diseases, possessing Pm17 and Sr1AR genes, for creating new varieties.

Main Tasks:

  • Through individual selection in F3-4, identify forms with high resistance to foliar diseases to create constant lines of winter soft wheat in F4-5 and subsequent generations with group resistance to foliar diseases and a number of valuable economic traits, carrying Pm17 and Sr1AR genes (2019).
  • In the newly created winter soft wheat lines, identify the wheat-rye translocation 1AL/1RS, which contains a number of genes for resistance against wheat phytopathogens—powdery mildew, common and loose smut, brown rust, and stem rust, including resistance to race TTKSK (Ug99 strain), and others—using electrophoresis at the gliadin Gli-A1w (Gld1A17) locus (2020).
  • Transfer the selected lines to the research programs of relevant breeding institutions in Ukraine (2020).

General Requirements for Work Performance:

Soft wheat genotypes carrying wheat-rye translocations 1BL/1RS and 1AL/1RS show increased resistance to plant diseases and pests that transmit various viral diseases. Specifically, the 1AL/1RS translocation carries a number of identified resistance genes: Gb2 for aphid biotypes B and C; Cm3 for the mite Aceria tosichella; Pm17 for powdery mildew (causative agent – Erysiphe graminis); Sr1AR for stem rust (causative agent – Puccinia striiformis). The inherited resistance genes here are due to the presence of the rye component of chromosome 1RS. To create new valuable initial material, we previously (2014-2017) involved genotypes with 1AL/1RS translocation in crosses with the best modern Ukrainian varieties of different ecological and geographical origins. Preliminary studies have yielded such hybrid populations, which are currently in the F3-F4 study stage. Through individual ear selection (2017-2019) from hybrid populations created with the involvement of parental forms carrying the 1AL/1RS wheat-rye translocation, the best forms were identified based on resistance to foliar diseases and other valuable traits. Their progenies have been set for reproduction for identification and obtaining constant lines.

The next stage will involve multiplying the lines (F4-F5) under field conditions of the northeastern Forest-Steppe region and evaluating their resistance to powdery mildew, brown rust, and septoria under natural infection pressure, using varieties that accumulate these phytopathogens. During this phase, it is necessary to conduct phenological observations and identify the best lines based on morpho-physiological characteristics, and evaluate the elements of grain productivity in individual selections and lines.

Identification of the 1AL/1RS rye translocation in breeding lines (F5-F6) will be carried out using electrophoresis of alcohol-soluble grain storage proteins in an acidic medium, or PCR analysis. The results of this identification will provide a basis for selecting lines with Pm17 and Sr1AR genes.

Expected Results:

The selected lines, possessing a complex of economically valuable traits and genes for resistance to diseases and pests, will be utilized in breeding programs for creating new varieties of winter and spring soft wheat at Sumy National Agrarian University. Seed samples will also be transferred for inclusion in similar programs at the V.M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of NAAS, the V.Ya. Yuriev Plant Production Institute of NAAS, the Plant Breeding and Genetics Institute – National Center of Seed Science and Variety Studies, and others.